AP–Chapter4SkinandBodyMembranes.docVIP

A P – Chapter 4: Skin and Body Membranes (Integumentary System) Body membranes, which cover surfaces, line body cavities and form protective (and often lubricating) sheet around organs. Classification of Body Membranes Epithelial membranes * Cutaneous (skin) – dry membranes that are exposed to air * Mucous – (mucosa) – lines body cavities that open to the exterior (ex. Respiratory, digestive,  urinary and reproductive systems) - Mucosa only refers to the location of the epithelial membranes, not their cell makeup * Serous – lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior except for the dorsal and joint  cavities - Serous fluid – allows organs to slide easily across the cavity walls and one another  without friction as they carry out their functions - Peritoneum – lining of the abdominal cavity and covering of its organs - Pleura – around the lungs - Pericardium – around the heart Connective tissue membranes * Synovial membranes – composed of connective tissue – they line the fibrous capsules  surrounding joints, also secrete a lubricating fluid - Bursae – sacs of connective tissue - Tendon sheaths – tube-like structures Integument – covering Skin – the largest organ and is called the cutaneous membrane Plays a role in maintaining water balance and temperature Upper most layer of skin is full of keratin (tough, insoluble protein) and cornified (or hardened) to prevent water loss from the body surface Can keep water and precious molecules in the body and also keep water out (ex. Swimming – not becoming “water-logged”) Acts as a mini-excretory system – urea, salts, and water are lost when we sweat. Cutaneous sensory receptors (actually part of the nervous system) are found in the skin and provide us with information about our external environment (bumps and tissue-damaging factors) – sense touch, pressure, temperature, and pain Functions of the Skin Protection Chemical damage (acids and bases