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CHAPTER TWO WORKING PRINCIPLE OF CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANT Classification of power plants (3 piece) -Power plant comprises 3 parts -Float Rectifier -Battery Charger -Switching Cubicle. 2. FLOAT RECTIFIER 2.1 The function of the Float Rectifier is to receive three phases 440 V AC and to give a constant 51.5 Volts D.C without AC ripples. -The steps involved to achieve the function are a) Step-down b) Rectification c) Filtering of A.C. ripples. d) Regulation. 2.2 Step down Transformer steps down the 3 phases A.C voltage from 440V to around 80 volts. 2.3 Rectification Any unidirectional device rectifies the AC to DC. Here Diodes SCRs are used for rectification. 2.4 Filtering: Here multi-stage L.C. Filters are used for filtering the A.C. Ripples. 2.5 Regulation: 2.5.1 -What is Regulation? -As far as Float Rectifier is concerned,” Regulation is the mechanism by which the output of a float rectifier is kept constant at 51.5 _+0.5V irrespective of input voltage variations of ( 12%. Output load variations of 5% to 105% and input frequency variations of ( 4% or 48-52 Hz”. 2.5.2 Why Regulation is required? Float rectifier should not only supply power to the load but also takes care of its battery sets , which are floated across its output. If the float rectifier output voltage is 51.5v, the cells are floated at 2.15v/cell and hence they are continuously trickle charged and this compensates losses due to “self discharge or local action”. If FR output is 49.2V, the battery set is not trickle charged, hence trickle charging is to be given once in a fortnight. If FR output is 49.0V, the battery starts discharging. If FR output 51.5, the floating voltage of each cell will be 2.15V and the battery will be over charged. Hence regulation is required. 2.5.3 How Regulation is done? By “Transductor or saturable reactor or magnetic amplifier” method. By varying the secondary of the main transformer automatically depending on output voltage. By SCR method. SMPS method. -Second method was