40G_OTN_100G技术及测试(exfo核心资料).pptVIP

The skew is define as the transmission delay between the different PCS lanes, two type of lanes skew can be found on the network link one define as static skew which won’t change over the transmission time unless the link is broken and a dynamic skew that could vary as it is base on the medium and physical characteristic * The standard define key Skew Point along the link to easily identify excessive skew issue, the above table shows maximum skew value per skew point for 40GE rates and 100GE rates, the used of a skew threshold alarm can be define to measure all different skew poinst * A realignment Marker is sent every 16383 block to realign all PCS lanes at the receiver end, these marker provide lane number and 64/66B control symbol * This table shows the progression of The physical interface used starting with the 2.5G and 10G interfaces where the transmission was done serially and using pluggable SFP/XFP, the modulation for both was None Return To Zero (NRZ) using amplitude modulation, at 40G the transmission was still serial but didn’t use pluggable but fix transponder. At 40 G to avoid any optical effect like CD/PMD and to support advance line side testing the used of advance modulation module support complex modulation like DPSK was used. Today with the increase in speed * The standard define two supported CFP, the first one is the 4x25G for 100GE support and 4x10G for 40GE, a 10x10G CFP is also support but not part of the 802.3ba standard, the 10x10G brings some key advantages one of them is that the same CFP can support 40G and 100G application, the power consumption is also lower then 4x25 and 4x10G. CXP and QSFP can be used for shorter reach and smaller interfaces both interface offer electrical and Optical connectors * This slide shows the internal concept of the 4x25G CFP where the 10 CAUI lanes are convert to 4, 25G wavelength and sent over a single fiber, the conversion is done in the CFP by the gearbox and all wavelength are center at 1300nm * Thi