DCMotors,StepperMotors,H-bridges.pptVIP

DC Motors, Stepper Motors, H-bridges DC Motors Stepper Motors Motor Control Circuits Relays H-bridges AC versus DC Motors AC motors are not very flexible w/o a transmission They can only turn in one direction The speed is controlled by the design of the motor and the frequency of the AC current source (60Hz) DC Motors can be operated more flexibly They can turn in either direction based on the polarity of the applied voltage The speed is controlled by the magnitude of the voltage DC Motors A DC motor has coils on a rotating electromagnetic armature in a fixed or variable magnetic field A commutator connects the DC power source in sequence to the coils in the armature as it turns Commutator end view: + - - + Brushes Commutator Electromagnetic Armature Coil (1 of Several) Fixed /Variable Field Magnet Fixed/Variable Field Magnet DC Motors A continuous voltage across the brushes will keep the motor turning in either one direction or the other depending on the polarity A higher voltage across the brushes will make the motor turn faster A lower voltage across the brushes will make the motor turn slower The commutator sparks as it turns creating EMI or possible explosion hazard Stepper Motors A stepper motor is a DC motor that has fixed magnets on the armature It does not use a commutator to automatically energize/de-energize different magnetic coils The ends of the coil windings in the field are alternately energized and de-energized by an external control circuit in a desired sequence The order and dwell time of the voltage to each coil controls the direction and the speed Stepper Motors A stepper motor can be held in a fixed position by pausing the sequence and keeping one coil energized for the duration of the hold time Hence, a stepper motor can be used in similar applications as a servomotor (studied in CS341) It can be moved to and held in a desired position It can be rotated continuously at a controlled speed The control is all externally implemented Types of