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Download-UniversityatAlbany.doc

Data Envelopment Analysis Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an increasingly popular management tool. This write-up is an introduction to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for those who are unfamiliar with the technique. For a more in-depth discussion of DEA, the interested reader is referred to Seiford and Thrall [1990] or the seminal work by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes [1978]. DEA is commonly used to evaluate the efficiency of a number of producers. A typical statistical approach is characterized as a central tendency approach and it evaluates producers relative to an average producer In contrast, DEA compares each producer with only the best producers. By the way, in the DEA literature, a producer is usually referred to as a decision making unit or DMU. DEA is not always the right tool for a problem but is appropriate in certain cases. (See Strengths and Limitations of DEA.) In DEA, there are a number of producers. The production process for each producer is to take a set of inputs and produce a set of outputs. Each producer has a varying level of inputs and gives a varying level of outputs. For instance, consider a set of banks. Each bank has a certain number of tellers, a certain square footage of space, and a certain number of managers (the inputs). There are a number of measures of the output of a bank, including number of checks cashed, number of loan applications processed, and so on (the outputs). DEA attempts to determine which of the banks are most efficient, and to point out specific inefficiencies of the other banks. A fundamental assumption behind this method is that if a given producer, A, is capable of producing Y(A) units of output with X(A) inputs, then other producers should also be able to do the same if they were to operate efficiently. Similarly, if producer B is capable of producing Y(B) units of output with X(B) inputs, then other producers should also be capable of the same production schedule. Producers A, B, and others can then be combin

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