ElbowExtensors.docVIP

Upper Arm Elbow Region Neumann Ch 6 Review and Highlights of OSTEOLOGY ARTHROLOGY Distal Humerus: Medial Epicondyle Lateral Epicondyle Medial Lateral Supracondylar Ridges Trochlea – distal medial humerus; hourglass shaped Capitulum - distal lateral humerus Coronoid fossa - bony depression just above trochlea Radial fossa - depression just above capitulum Olecranon fossa - on posterior aspect of humerus Ulna: Olecranon Process Coronoid process - anterior bony projection Trochlear notch - concave region that articulates with trochlea of humerus. Radius: Radial head – proximal end of radius Carrying Angle of the Elbow The long axes of the upper arm (humerus) and forearm (radius ulna) do not form a straight line. This is because the medial half of the trochlea extends more distal than the lateral side. This creates a visible Carrying Angle technically termed Cubitus Valgus Carrying angle “disappears” when forearm pronated or elbow flexed; greatest with forearm supinated and elbow extended. Variations in obliquity of trochlear grove can cause variations in carrying angle and in the path of ulna. Normal Carrying Angle (Normal Cubitus Valgus) Varies some in references Males 5 - 15( Females 10 - 20( Theories on purpose - allows for carrying objects away from body (arms to clears hips during gait), natural hand-to-mouth movement Excessive Cubitus Valgus - 15( in men, 20( in women Lack of Carrying Angle - Cubitus Varus; A.K.A. - gunstock deformityIF not an actual varus angle (example: carry angle of 5°), then call it “decreased cubitus valgus” ELBOW JOINT – ONE Synovial joint composed of THREE articulations that are all contained within one joint capsule. Joint capsule surrounds the humeroulnar, humeroradial, proximal radioulnar joints. Capsule is loose, large, and weak ant post but reinforced med/lat by ligaments. Stabile joint due to high bony congruency multitude of musculature crossing joint. Humeroradial joint uniaxial hinge joint betwe