Computer English Unit 9 The Internet(计算机英语 第九单元 因特网).docVIP

Unit 9 The Internet第九单元： 因特网 Section A The Internet课文A： 因特网 The most notable example of an internet is the Internet (note the uppercase Ⅰ), which originated from research projects going back to the early 1960s.最著名的互联网例子是因特网（Internet，注意大写的Ｉ）。因特网起源于20世纪60年代初的研究项目。 The goal was to develop the ability to link a variety of computer networks so that they could function as a connected system that would not be disrupted by local disasters.其目标是发展一种能力，将各种计算机网络连接起来，使它们能够作为一个不会因局部灾难而瓦解的互联系统运行。 Most of this original work was sponsored by the U.S. government through the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA- pronounced DAR-pa).最初的工作大多是由美国政府通过国防部高级研究计划局（DARPA——读作“DAR-pa”）发起的。 Over the years, the development of the Internet shifted from a defense project to an academic research project, and today it is largely a commercial undertaking that links a worldwide combination of WANs, MANs, and LANs involving millions of computers.随着岁月的推移，因特网的开发从一个国防项目转变成一个学术研究项目。如今，它在很大程度上是一个商业项目，连接着全世界的广域网、城域网和局域网，涉及数百万台计算机。 Ⅰ. Internet architecture一、因特网体系结构 Conceptually, the Internet can be viewed as a collection of domains, each of which consists of a network or a relatively small internet operated by a single organization such as a university, company, or government agency.从概念上说，因特网可以看作是域的集合。每个域由一个网络或一个相对较小的互联网组成，由一个像大学、公司或政府机构那样的组织负责运行。 Each domain is an autonomous system that can be configured as the local authority desires.每个域是一个自主系统，可根据本地管理机构的愿望进行配置。 It might consist of a single computer or a complex internet consisting of many LANs, MANs, and even WANs.它可能由一台计算机或一个包含许多局域网、城域网、甚至广域网的复杂互联网组成。 The establishment of domains is overseen by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which is a nonprofit corporation established to coordinate the naming of domains and the assignment of Internet addresses.域的建立由互联网名称与数字地址分配机构（ICANN）监管。这是一个非赢利公司，其成立的目的是协调域的命名及因特网地址的分配。 To establish a domain on the Internet, the domain must first be registered via one of the com