电机轴轴向径向窜动检测装置研究.doc

摘 要 本设计主要研究电机轴轴向径向窜动的检测方法。首先提出对电机轴窜动监测的重要性，分析其轴向径向窜动的原因。考察了目前电机轴窜动监测的手段和装置的现状，设计出了一套比较完善的在线监测系统。根据测量原理，考虑电机轴窜动的频率和特点，综合考虑各种检测系统的优缺点，提出适合本系统的方案设计：采用非接触性位移传感器来作为测量器件，导出轴窜动的电压信号，分析此信号的特征，选用相匹配的模数转换器。由于本系统中有轴向和径向两路信号，需选择相适应的多路模拟开关，再把数据送单片机进行处理，并进行显示，如果所采集的数据超出工业要求，系统会自动报警。系统的各种功能都由软件来实现。软件的设计包括主程序，定时中断服务程序，数据的采集，显示子程序，键盘子程序。 关键词：电机轴，窜动，单片机，传感器，模数转换器 Abstract The examination method of electricity engine shaft axial radial direction shakes is mainly researched in this design. First, proposed the importance of examination the electricity engine shaft moves the monitor, analyzes the reasons why its axial radial direction can vibrate. To study the situation of the methods and the equipment and set of quite perfect on-line control systems has been designed. According the principle of surveying, and considering the frequency and the characteristic of the electricity engine shaft shakes, the synthesis considered each kind of examination system the good and bad points, proposed the design plan which suits this system: The non-contact transmitter to survey signal is used, derives voltage which the axis shakes. The characteristic of this signal is analyzed, and to select A/D switch which matches. Because of in this system has two groups signals of axial and the radial direction, the multichannel analog switch which adapts is choused, the last delivers the data to the mcu is carried on processing, and carried on the demonstration, if the data surpasses the industry request, the system can auto-alarms. Each kind of function of the system all realized by the software. The main routine, interrupt service program, data gathering, the demonstration program and the keyboard program are included in the software design. Keywords: electricity engine shaft, shake, mcu, transmitter, A/D switch 0 引 言 电机是工农业及各行各业中使用最广泛的动力设备，其种类繁多，数量极大，是电气工作者在维修中涉及最多的电气设备。维护好电机，使它处于良好的运行状态意义十分重大。尤其是自动生产线上的电动机，一旦出了故障，若不及时处理，会造成重大的经济损失；而发电机若发生故障造成停机，经济损失更大。因此，在故障发生之前进行预报在电机的日常维护保养工作中至关重要。 国内外电机维护的实践证明，电机运行状态监测及故障诊