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 artwork by David Biau, Onesia Toulouse We acknowledge the support of THALES ALENIA Cannes, SENER Madrid, CANBERRA Lingolsheim in the preparation of the technical part of this proposal. The proposal has also benefit from the results of the phase 0 study conducted by CNES in the context of the MAX project, and from the results of the Technical Reference Study conducted by ESA in the context of the GRL project. Technical developments in the context of DUAL are financially supported by ASI (contract I/088/06/0), CNES (lens RD contracts 02/0551/01-DPI120 and DCT/SA/AB No 07-3202, R-S06/- and R-S09/SU-0002-025, and R-S06/SU-0002-026), ESA (ESTEC contract 20357/07/NL/NR) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Executive Summary 2 1 Introduction 4 2 Scientific Objectives 6 3 Mission profile 19 4 Payload 21 5 Spacecraft 34 6 Key technology areas 38 7 Preliminary programmatic and costs 38 8 The Public Understanding of DUAL 40 The DUAL Consortium : N. Abrosimov (IKZ), F. Aharonian (DIAS/MPIK), J. Alvarez (IEEC/CSIC), L. Amati (IASF Bologna), M. Amman (LBL), JL. Atteia (LATT), N. Auricchio (IASF Bologna), D. Barret (CESR), N. Barriere (SSL), S. Basa (OAMP), P. Bastie (LSP), A. Bird (Southampton), A. Bodaghee (SSL), S. Boggs (SSL), G. Bonnetto (TAS), Cristina Burgui (SENER), A. Bykov (IOFFE), Enric Cabruja (IMB-CNM/CSIC), T. Camus (CESR), E. Caux (CESR), E. Caroli (IASF Bologna), S. Chakrabarti, S. Chaty (CEA), A. Chieffi (IASF Roma), D. Clark (CESR), S. Colafrancesco (OA Roma), F. Cordero (Vega Group), P. Courtois (ILL), R. da Silva (Coimbra), F. Daigne (IAP), G. De Geronimo (BNL), T. Dean (Southampton), J.M. Del Cura Velayos (Sener), M. Del Santo (IASF Roma), JW. den Herder (SRON), R. Farinelli (UNIFE), F. Frontera (UNIFE), Joe Luis Galvez (IEEC/CSIC), D. Gangloff (CNES), D. Garcia-Senz (IEEC/UPC), J. Gayrard (CNES), N. Gehrels (NASA), PC. Gloster (Coimbra), E. Gogus (Sabanci), E. Grove (NRL), N. Guessoum(Sharjah), C. Guidorzi (UNIFE), D. Gutknecht (Canber