英语国家概况Chapter_5.pptVIP

CONTENT Educational Policy Before 1870, education was voluntary and schools were set up by the church. 20th century later on, government take responsibility for education. Educational Policy Compulsory education : ages of 5 and 16 Free education. (since 1944) Comprehensive schools introduced in the 1960s National Curriculum introduced in 1988 Subjects: mathematics, English, science, geography, technology, music, art, physical education, a foreign language. Educational Policy Four stages: Primary: 5 ----11 secondary:11----16 further education-----16 Two more years in preparation for higher education higher education-----18 Primary and Secondary Education Two parallel school system: State system—94% (Free to all children between 5—16 years old) Independent system —Public schools 6% Independent tuition fees Independent curriculum Primary and Secondary Education state system—11-year compulsory education 5-11: primary schools 11-16: secondary schools (comprehensive schools:literature and science, cooking and carpentry) primary and Secondary Education —Harrow 哈罗公学：丘吉尔、拜伦的母校，约旦国王侯赛因、印度前总理尼赫鲁也曾在这里就学。 Eton, 伊顿公学，也是英国昔日殖民地上层社会家庭孩子入学的首选学校，从印度王子到阿拉伯王子，大家都以入学伊顿为骄傲。 　　伊顿公学被称为“精英的摇篮”，先后出过20位英国首相。在各国名流眼中，能把小孩送到伊顿公学就代表了地位和身份，因此连英国切尔西足球俱乐部老板阿布拉莫维奇，也在拼命为孩子申请入学伊顿公学。 primary and Secondary Education 6 percent of all British children High fees: ￡ 7 000 per term D. Higher Education British higher education has a long history. There are five types in higher education: 1) old universities were Established in 12th and 13th : Oxford and Cambridge ，they can be called Oxbridge. It is a term used to refer to the two most famous higher education institutions in Britain. 2) four Scottish universities They had been founded in Scotland before it was united with England to become part of the United Kingdom. They were St. Andrews(1411), Glasgow(1450), Aberdeen(1495) and Edinburgh(1583) 3) the middle-aged universities: were founded in 1830-1930. Durham University, it was the fi