Chapter2 BinaryValuesNumberSystem_2008.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Binary Values and Number Systems 《计算机科学导论》课程组 Contents 2.1 Number Categories 2.2 Natural Numbers 2.2.1 Positional Notation 2.2.2 Converting between Number Bases 2.2.3 Arithmetic in other Bases 2.2.4 Binary Values and Computers Key Terms (P46) binary digit 二进制数字 bit 位,比特 byte 字节 word 字 word length字长 positional notation 位置记数法 place value 位值 base 基数, base 10 number system Key Terms (Text) Number Bases Base 10, Decimal 十进制 Base 2, Binary 二进制 Base 8, Octal 八进制 Base 16, Hexadecimal 十六进制 Key Terms (P46) number 数值，数 integer 整数 natural number 自然数 negative number 负数 rational number 有理数 Exercises 1-5 (P47) Goals Categories of Numbers Positional Notation Converting numbers in other bases to base 10 Converting base-10 numbers to numbers in other bases Relationship between bases 2,8 and 16 Importance to computing of bases that are powers of 2 Summary – Paragraph 1(P45) Numbers are written using positional notation, in which the digits are arranged in succession, the position of each digit has a place value, and the number is equal to the sum of the products of each digit by its place value. The place values are powers of 10 in decimal number system; in the binary number system, the place values are powers of 2. Skimming – Paragraph 1 Numbers are written using … positional notation: the digits has a place value the number is equal to … The place values are powers of 10 or 2 or … Summary – Paragraph 2(P45) Arithmetic can be performed on numbers in any base represented in positional notation. The same number facts apply to other bases as they do to base 10. Adding 1 to the largest digit in the base causes a carry into the next position. Summary – Paragraph 3(P45) Base 2, base 8, base 16 are all related because the bases are powers of 2. This relationship provides a quick way to convert between numbers in these bases. Computer hardware is designed using numbers in base 2. A low-voltage signal is equated with 0 and a h