超长钻孔瓦斯抽采工艺的研究.pdf

摘 要 近几年，我国煤矿瓦斯突出和爆炸事故频发，如何有效治理瓦斯成为我国政府和煤炭 企业实现安全、合理、高效开采的重大技术难题。其中，瓦斯抽采是被世界公认的解决煤 矿瓦斯突出和爆炸的有效途径，是实现煤与瓦斯突出煤层安全开采的关键。如今，随着千 米钻机装备和随钻测量仪器在我国煤矿井下的逐步推广和应用，已经局部实现钻孔深度达 600～1000m，甚至 1000m 以上的超长钻孔，为大幅度的提高瓦斯抽采量和抽采效率，显 著提高瓦斯抽采效果奠定了基础。 煤矿井下超长钻孔瓦斯抽采的核心技术是水平定向钻进技术（Horizontal Directional drilling，简称HDD ）。目前，该技术在我国煤矿的应用还不成熟，尚处于摸索和试验阶段。 本论文以晋煤集团寺河煤矿为试验基地，针对目前该矿在超长钻孔瓦斯抽采施工中出现的 各种问题，通过资料搜集、现场调查、理论分析、现场试验相结合的方法，对超长钻孔瓦 斯抽采工艺中涉及到的水平定向施工技术、钻孔轨迹测量技术、施工设备及仪器、成孔工 艺和钻进工艺参数进行分析和研究，并进一步分析和总结了防止在超长钻孔施工中发生塌 孔、堵孔、卡钻等事故的相关技术和经验，同时结合晋煤集团寺河煤矿采用 ZDY6000L(A) 型千米钻机在东一盘区北翼集中大巷进行的超长钻孔瓦斯抽采施工情况，具体阐述了超长 钻孔瓦斯抽采的现场施工工艺、钻孔参数处理以及钻孔轨迹图的绘制过程，并根据瓦斯抽 采数据，对瓦斯抽采效果进行了客观评价。 关键词：超长钻孔；瓦斯抽采；水平定向钻进技术；施工工艺 - I - Abstract In recent years, gas explosion and outburst have happened frequently, how to effectively control the gas has become the key technical problems for Chinas government and coal enterprises to realize safe and reasonable and efficient exploitation. Among them, gas drainage is an effective way to solve gas outburst and explosion ， which has been recognized by the world, and is crucial to realize safety mining. Nowadays, coal enterprises have realized 600 ~ 1000 meter or even above 1000 meter ultra-long drilling depth with kilometer drilling equipment and measuring instruments gradually popularized and applied in Chinas coal mines, which has laid a solid foundation to dramatically increase summation and efficiency of gas drainage, and to significantly improve the result of gas drainage . Technique core of ultra-long drilling technique of gas drainage is Horizontal Directional drilling (HDD) in the coal mine.