机械振动_加州大学_University of California_Chapter 4 Transient Vibration.docVIP

CHAPTER 4 Transient Vibration Excited by a suddenly applied non-periodic excitation F(t) ( transient response Steady-state oscillations are generally not produced. 4.1 IMPULSE EXCITATION Impulse: (4.1.1) A force of very large magnitude that acts for a very short time but with a time integral that is finite. Fig. 4.1.1 shows an impulsive force of magnitude with a time duration of . As approaches zero, such forces tend to become infinite; however, the impulse is considered to be finite. When is unity, such a force in the limiting case is called the unit impulse, or the delta function. A delta function at is and has the following properties: (4.1.2) If is multiplied by any time function , the product will be zero everywhere except at , and its time integral will be (4.1.3) Because , the impulse acting on the mass will result in its velocity equal to without an appreciable change in its displacement. For free vibration, Hence, the response of a spring-mass system initially at rest and excited by an impulse is (4.1.4) where (4.1.5) is the response to a unit impulse. When damping is present, with (4.1.6) In either the damped or undamped case, the equation for the impulsive response can be expressed in the form (4.1.7) 4.2 ARBITRARY EXCITATION Equation for the response of the system excited by an arbitrary force : The arbitrary force to be a series of impulses as shown in Fig. 4.2.1 One of the impulses at time , its strength is and its contribution to the response at time t is dependent upon the elapsed time , or where is the response to a unit impulse started at . Because the system is linear, the principle of superposition holds. Thus the response to the arbitrary excitation is (4.2.1) This integral is called the convolution integral and is sometimes referred to as the superposition integral. [Example 4.2.1] Determine the response of a single DOF system to the step excitation shown in Fig. 4.2.2. Base excitation: In terms of the relative displacemen