生产运营课件8.pptVIP

Need for Location Decisions Marketing Strategy Cost of Doing Business Growth Depletion of Resources Nature of Location Decisions Strategic Importance Long term commitment/costs Impact on investments, revenues, and operations Supply chains Objectives Profit potential No single location may be better than others Identify several locations from which to choose Options Expand existing facilities Add new facilities Move Making Location Decisions Decide on the criteria Identify the important factors Develop location alternatives Evaluate the alternatives Make selection Location Decision Factors Regional Factors Location of raw materials Location of markets Labor factors Climate and taxes Community Considerations Quality of life Services Attitudes Taxes Environmental regulations Utilities Developer support Site Related Factors Land Transportation Environmental Legal Multiple Plant Strategies Product plant strategy Market area plant strategy Process plant strategy Comparison of Service and Manufacturing Considerations Trends in Locations Foreign producers locating in U.S. “Made in USA” Currency fluctuations Just-in-time manufacturing techniques Microfactories Information Technology Evaluating Locations Cost-Profit-Volume Analysis Determine fixed and variable costs Plot total costs Determine lowest total costs Location Cost-Volume Analysis Assumptions Fixed costs are constant Variable costs are linear Output can be closely estimated Only one product involved Example 1: Cost-Volume Analysis Fixed and variable costs for four potential locations Example 1: Solution Example 1: Solution Evaluating Locations Transportation Model Decision based on movement costs of raw materials or finished goods Factor Rating Decision based on quantitative and qualitative inputs Center of Gravity Method Decision based on minimum distribution costs 8-* Location Planning and Analysis CHAPTER 8 Location Planning and Analysis McGraw-Hill/Irwin Operations Management, Eighth Edition, by William J