论违约责任与侵权责任的法律适用.docVIP

论违约责任与侵权责任的法律适用——孙永石 朱义全 ? ? ? 2006年11月10日 09时15分? 933 ?? [ 相关资料 ] 　主题分类: 民法民诉? 　“违约责任”相关资料：新闻动态　法规文件　典型案件　论文文献　“侵权责任”相关资料：新闻动态　法规文件　典型案件　论文文献 ? 　　【内容提要】违约责任与侵权责任是两类基本民事责任。但是，由于违约行为的性质的多重性，使违约责任和侵权责任常常发生竞合，而给法律适用上带来诸多不便。目前在司法实践中有一种倾向即常把违约问题纳入侵权范畴。尽管侵权责任和违约责任的竞合不可避免的现象，但竞合的现象并不能抹杀两类责任之间的区别，也不应导致两种责任制度的完全融合。由于两类责任在法律上存在着重大的差别，因此对两类责任的不同选择将极大的影响到当事人的权利和义务。换言之，是依合同法提起合同之诉，还是依侵权法提起侵权之诉，将产生完全不同的法律后果。由此可见，在司法实践中判断是违约或侵权是适用违约责任或侵权责任的前提条件，而违约或侵权都有自己特有的形态，只有掌握它们各自的形态，就比较容易识别是违约或侵权，那样适用违约责任或侵权责任就比较简单。当违约不法行为与侵权不法行为重合时，在适用法律时从各国的立法和判例来看有三种方法，但根据实际情况各国处理又不太一样。为了能够有效地解决这两类责任的适用问题，本文将从违约责任与侵权责任的区分、违约责任与侵权责任的责责任形态和这两类责任的竞合以及我国对法律责任竞合的处理进行论述。　　【关键词】违约行为 侵权行为 违约责任形态 侵权责任形态 责任竞合　　[Abstract]Breaks a contract the responsibility and the right infringement responsibility if two kind of basic civil liabilities. But, because breaks a contract the behavior nature multiplicity, causes to break a contract the responsibility and the right infringement responsibility occurs frequently competes gathers, but is suitable to the law on brings the many inconveniences. At present has one kind of tendency in the judicial practice namely often to break a contract the question to bring into line with the right infringement category. Although the right infringement responsibility and breaks a contract the responsibility to compete gathers the inevitable phenomenon, but competes the phenomenon which gathers not to be able to write off between two kind of responsibilities the differences, also should not cause two kind of responsibilities systems the complete fusion. Because two kind of responsibilities have the significant difference in the law, therefore to two kind of responsibilities different choices enormous influence to litigant’s right and duty. In other words, is mentions suing of the contract according to the law of contract, depends on the right infringement law to mention suing of the right infringement, will have the completely different legal consequence. Thus it can be seen, the j