智能多段式变温变湿太阳能枸杞烘干设备设计与试验.docVIP

智能多段式变温变湿太阳能枸杞烘干设备设计与试验 摘 要：为了解决枸杞鲜果晾晒时间长、易霉变、卫生条件差和传统燃煤热风烘干设备简陋及其污染等问题，根据枸杞的特性和干燥要求，设计研制了智能多段式变温变湿太阳能枸杞烘干设备，设备由太阳能集热系统、烘干系统、辅助加温系统和智能控制系统等组成。采用太阳能干燥设备烘干枸杞，可将干燥周期由自然晾晒至少需要的120h缩短至24h，坏果率由自然晾晒的22%降低至7%，且烘干后的枸杞的微生物含量及营养成分含量均优于传统自然晾晒获得的干果。该设备解决了一般太阳能干燥设备温度不易控制以及夜间无法工作的问题，采用该设备烘干枸杞可以获得良好的产品质量和经济效益。 关键词：太阳能；多段控温；干燥；太阳能烘干机 Design and testing of solar dryer for chinese wolfberry using temperature and humidity by stages changed hot-air drying method Abstract : In order to solve the problems in traditional drying technoloy of Chinese wolfberry, a solar dryer for chinese wolfberry using temperature and humidity by stages changed hot-air drying method was designed and manufactured based on characteristics and requirements of Chinese wolfberry produced in Ningxia procince. The solar dryer is composed of solar collector system, drying system, auxiliary heating system and intelligent control system,etc. To compare with the traditional sun-drying process, the equipment can shorten the drying cycle of from 120 hours to 24 hours. The probability of Lycium barbarum moldy decreased from 22% to 7%, the microbial content and nutrient content proportion are also higher. In conclusion, the new equipment solved many problems of the old, such as Inlet air temperature changed with the intensity of solar radiation and the inefficient sola energy at night. It has been proved to achieve high economic benefits by using the modified equipment. Key words:solar engergy;Multi-temperature control; drying; solar engergy dryer 0 引 言 枸杞是茄科多年生落叶灌木，在我国北方的宁夏、甘肃、新疆、青海等省区都有大面积栽培，目前全国枸杞种植面积约15万-2]，枸杞鲜果既是名贵中药材，又是营养滋补品，富含多糖、甜菜碱、胡萝卜素、黄酮、维生素C等多种营养物质。就可方式脱水效果差、卫生条件差容易返潮、易结块和霉变和燃煤热风干燥方式能耗高等问题，的热衷。如图1所示，设备智能等采用混联式结构，离心智能设备工作时冷空气系统经过太阳能集热器后被加热，加热后的空气经过送风道，由离心式风机送入干燥室，干燥室内设有轴流风机匀风装置，使得热空气与被烘干物料间均匀进行热质交换，从而加速物料水分扩散蒸发，达到干制的目的。 a设备外部 b设备内部 图1 太阳能枸杞烘干设备图 1-太阳能集热系统 -送风道 -智能控制系统 -进风 由于太阳辐射不稳定，温度延长干燥时间，，8-9]。以此实验数据为依据， 在实验室开展多种枸杞烘干工艺参数实验，实验得出最优的烘干工艺如表1所示，每个阶段所采用的温度相对湿度和烘干时间各不相同，把各阶段所需的温度相对湿度及时间分别输入温湿度控制器，设备