绿色与白色证书交易市场在中国的应用研究.pdfVIP

上海交通大学硕士学位文 书制度，需要决定配额应强加给哪些电力市场参与者，然后设定配额，哪些技术应被批准，如 何执行，不遵从制度情况下如处罚，最后，是否允许预存和预借。而制定白色证书计划，则主 要需要制定目标和决定责任方，合格节能项目以及测量和检验实际节省量的方法，最后是证书 交易市场的特征。适合中国市场的绿色证书计划总结为：就可再生能源预计生产能力对电力分 销商施加一个配额，并提前足够时间谨慎策划。每个省份建立一个独立的委员会保证制度实 施，并在配额未完成的情况下，处于分销商罚金，这个罚金金额为可再生源电力与传统来源电 力差额的现货市场平均价的两倍。这个配额会配有一个可循系统的证书，证书有效期为无限 期，应允许期货合同和长期合同。 至于白色证书，中国系统的最佳特征将为：强加一个逐年递增的配额给电力和燃力供应商。为 完成配额，他们需要在合格程序清单内选择实施提高能源效率的措施，应由两个优先群体完成 部分义务，他们是中国中西部工业和低收入家庭。证书应计量同样数量节约能源，并有唯一 性，可循性和无限有效期的特点。现货和双边市场交易应可行，同时应允许预借。 另外，两种计划都应格外注意，因为在中国，执行常常跟不上政策。一些基本规则应当设定以 确保成功实施。第一步是始终保证政策手段的可信性和透明度，这意味着明确和强有力的行政 支持。同样重要的是计划起步要从简，目标设定保守，而后逐步随计划制度发展增加。 关键词：绿色证书, 白色证书, 配额制, 可再生能源. v 上海交通大学硕士学位文 A suitable Tradable Green and White Certificate schemes for China ABSTRACT It is of common knowledge that China’s present growth and development is tremendously quick. The energy consumption and production have been similarly growing, and the country’s needs are already overcoming its production. In addition, this huge growth of China has a great cost in terms of air pollution that creates serious health problems, crop damages, acid rains and international concerns. Besides, China is now responsible for 13% of the world’s CO2 emissions, and is the second largest emitter, behind the US. During the last APEC summit (in August 2007), China was asked to increase its efforts in order to reduce its CO2 emission. It is very important that China honours this demand, as it is only through international cooperation that China’s particular issues as well as the problem of global warming could be answered to. Facing this appalling data, it is clear that China needs to find an adequate response to these problems q