《CVEN 689-501》.pdfVIP

CVEN 689-501 Special Topics on Environmental Fluid Mechanics Problem Set #2 Turbulent diffusion and river mixing Date distributed : 2.25.2005 Date due : 3.11.2005 Return your solution in class at the beginning of the lecture period on the date shown above. Please show all your work and follow the rules outlined in the course syllabus. 1 Sediments dynamics Microbial activity in lake sediments often depletes the oxygen as microbes (bacteria) biodegrade organic matter that settles on the lake bottom. Wind action over lakes also causes basin-scale waves (called seiches) which can have periods of a few hours. Because of the wave action, oxygen profiles at the sediment-water interface have a periodic variability. Figure 1 shows two microprofiles of O2 concentration at the sediment bed taken at different times during the seiching motion. Use these figures to answer the following questions. Clearly mark any values you are reading from the figures. 1. What is the concentration gradient ∂C/∂z for each profile at the sediment-water interface in mg/(l·mm) ? −4 2 2. Assuming a molecular diffusion coefficient of DO2 = 0.11 · 10 cm /s, what is the diffusive 2 flux of oxygen at the sediment-water interface for each profile in mg/(cm ·s)? 3. If profile 1 is associated with a downward flow of water of 0.1 cm/s and profile 2 is associated with an upward flow of water of 0.1 cm/s, calculate the total mass flux of oxygen per cm2 at the sediment-water interface for each profile in mg/s. 4. Why do you think the data have more