《Simple Bonding Theory》.pptVIP

Hybridization in Period 3 and Below For central atoms in period 3 or below, hybridization is less common. AsH3 PH3 PF3 PCl3 PBr3 91.8o 93.8o 97.8o 100.3o 101o Steric Number 5 In molecules such as PCl5, the five bonds are not equal in length. Steric Number 5 Any lone pairs preferentially occupy the equatorial positions so as to minimize electron pair repulsion. Steric Number 5 In five-coordinate compounds, the more electronegative less bulky atoms occupy the axial positions. Steric Number 5 Methyl groups, considered to be less electronegative than fluorine atoms, occupy the equatorial sites to minimize repulsion between the bonding electron pairs. Simple Bonding Theory Review of Lewis Structures and VSEPR Theory Resonance Some molecules may have more than one valid Lewis structure. These structures differ in the placement of multiple bonds. In molecules with resonance, none of the Lewis structures accurately represents the true bonding in the molecule. Resonance The molecule SO2 has two resonance structures: [ O S-O: ] ? [ :O-S O] The molecule has two equivalent bonds between sulfur and oxygen. : : : : : : : : : : Resonance The sulfur-oxygen bonds are identical- longer than double bonds, and shorter than single bonds. [ O S-O: ] ? [ :O-S O] The true structure of the molecule is in between the two Lewis structures drawn. : : : : : : : : Resonance The Lewis structure and VSEPR theory correctly predict the shape, polarity and bond angles ≈120o of the molecule. However, this approach cannot accurately predict the identical nature of the bonds. The sulfur oxygen bonds are equivalent, and somewhat shorter than single bonds, and slightly longer than double bonds. Formal Charges Formal charge is a way to keep track of the electrons in a covalent molecule. The formal charges can also be used to determine if one Lewis structure is more valid than another. Formal Charges The formal charge on an atom is a comparison between the num