网络设备配置与管理培训课件.ppt

可变长度子网掩码(VLSM) 使用无类IP，采用子网、超网的方案来优化IP地址的分配。 VLSM基于每个子网中的主机数目来划分子网，子网大小不一定一样，当子网大小不一样时，掩码也不一样。 例：/24，准备建立8个子网，其中4个子网每个子网各需30个地址，另4个子网每个子网各需2个地址。 子网掩码 30个地址的子网：24 ; 2个地址的子网：52 子网的网络ID 规则：先计算大网络，再把某一个没有使用的大网络分为小网络。 30个IP地址的子网的网络ID和主机ID（取4个） 2（3-2） 4（5-4） 6（7-26） 28（29-58） 2个IP地址的子网的网络ID和主机ID（取4个） 60（61-62） 64（65-66） 68（69-70） 72（73-74） Cable MODEM即电缆调制解调器，它是利用了有线电视电缆的工作机制，使用了电缆带宽的一部分来传送数据。理论上可以达到3M-40Mbps的下行速率和128K-10Mbps的上行速率。 Cable Modem 网络安全技术及应用 * Purpose: This figure illustrates encapsulation. Emphasize: The protocol data units (PDUs) are the terms used in the industry and in this course to describe data at the different layers. Encapuslation is a key concept that illustrates how data is formatted prior to being sent across a link. This example is an illustration is Ethernet (or token ring) at the data link and physical layer and TCP/IP at the network and transport layers. Transition: The following discusses de-encalsulation. 网络安全技术及应用 * Purpose: This figure illustrates de-encapsulation. Emphasize: At the destination, the headers at each layer are stripped off as the data moves back up the stack. 网络安全技术及应用 * Purpose: This figure discusses application-layer protocols. Emphasize: The common network applications today include file transfer, remote login, network management, and e-mail. We focus on TCP/IP in this course for several reasons: TCP/IP is a universally available protocol and you will use it at work. TCP/IP is a useful reference for understanding other protocols, because it includes elements that are representative of other protocols. TCP/IP is important because the router uses it as a configuration tool. The router uses Telnet for remote configuration, TFTP to transfer configuration files and operating system images, and SNMP for network management. Transition: The next section moves down the model to discuss the transport layer. 网络安全技术及应用 * Purpose: This figure introduces the protocols used at the transport layer.