Computer Science (4章)_学生.docVIP

Computer Science an Overview（10th edition） Chapter 4 Networking and the Internet (组网及因特网) In this chapter we discuss the area of computer science known as networking, which encompasses (vt.包括,包含) the study of how computers can be linked together to share information and resources. Our study will include the construction and operation of networks, applications of networks, and security issues. A prominent (重要的,突出的) topic will be a particular worldwide (遍及世界的,全世界的) network of networks known as the Internet. prominent adj.突起的（突出的），杰出的（重要的，著名的） a prominent nose大鼻子 a prominent doctor著明的医生 本章讨论计算机科学中称为网络的领域，包括学习如何将计算机连接起来共享信息资源。研究的内容包括网络的结构与操作、网络的应用以及网络安全问题，学习一个重点主题是遍布世界范围的特殊网络——因特网。 The need to share information and resources among different computers has led to (导致) linked computer systems, called networks, in which computers are connected so that data can be transferred from machine to machine. In these networks, computer users can exchange messages and share resources—such as printing capabilities,(功能,能力,容量) software packages, and data storage facilities(设备,容易)—that are scattered (v.分散,撒布) throughout the system. The underlying software required to support such applications has grown from simple utility packages into an expanding system of network software that provides a sophisticated (vt.使复杂,使精巧,使世故) network wide infrastructure. In a sense, network software is evolving into a network wide operating system. In this chapter we will explore this expanding field of computer science. scatter v.分散（散开）, 散播（撒布） ①To cause to separate and go in different directions.散开：使朝不同的方向分离和走开 Do not scatter your strength .不要分散精力。 To distribute loosely by or as if by sprinkling; strew:散落：洒或如同洒开一般分散；散播： The farmer scattered the corn in the yard for the hens.(母鸡)农民把谷子撒在院子里喂鸡。 人们对不同计算机之间共享信息和资源的需求产生了相互连接的计算机系统，它被称为网络（network）。计算机通过网络连接在一起，数据可以从一台计算机传输到另一台计算机。在网络中，计算机用户可以相互交换信息，并且可以共享分布在整个网络系统中的资源，如打印功能、软件包以及数据存储设备。用于支持这类应用的基础软件也已经从单一的实用软件包升级为扩展网络软件系统，从而可以提供一个复杂、先进的网络范围的基础架构。从某种意义说，网络软件