纳米科学与技术-光学性质.pdf

纳米科学与技术 第五章： 低维纳米材料的光学特性及纳米光学技术 裘晓辉 国家纳米科学中心 电话 Email: xhqiu@ 基本概念 • 金属纳米颗粒的SPR • 半导纳米颗粒的荧光和尺寸关系 • 半导纳纳米线激光发射 • 光子晶体 Sunflowers - Vincent Van Gogh Why sky is blue? Where the rainbow comes? Why butterfly has colors? Why flowers are red? 光激发和光发射 （optical excitation and de-excitation ） • Rayleigh scattering ( ) • Refraction (refractive index) • Photonic crystal (photonic band gap) • Surface plasmon resonance (noble metal NPs) • Fluorescence (dye molecules, ion) • … Fluorescent minerals - Wikipedia Optical transitions in a molecule 紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱 Franck-Condon 效应 Stokes shift 半导体纳米颗粒的UV-Vis和PL 半导体材料的应用1 hv 半导体材料的应用2 hv Silicon solar cells Light emitting diodes The Beijing Olympics at 2008 interaction of light with electronic states in semiconductors 量子限域效应 （Quantum confinement） Quantum size effect: wannier exciton 硒化镉(CdSe)纳米晶体 L. E. Brus, ``Electron-electron and Electron-Hole Interactions in Small Semiconductor Crystallites: The Size Dependence of the Lowest Excited Electronic State,’’ J. Chem. Phys. 80, 4403 (1984). 能带中电子-空穴的库仑相互作用 室温下 kT=25meV 激子波尔半径- Exciton Bohr radius • Material dependent parameter – The same size dot of different materials may not both be quantum dots • The Bohr radius determines the type of confinement – 3-10 time Bohr radius: Weak Confinement • ΔE ~ 1/M* •