初中英语二年级短语动词和句型.docVIP

短语动词和句型 【考点直击】 1. 短语动词的辨析； 2. 英语句子的基本句型结构； 3. 初中阶段主要句型的用法。 短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段，我们已经学习了不少短语 动词，把他们加以归纳总结，进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。 1. 短语动词的分类 (1)动词＋介词 常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如： Don’t laugh at others. Tom asked his parents for a bike. (2)动词＋副词 常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如： You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don’t forget to hand it in. (3)动词＋副词＋介词 常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes. After a short rest, he went on with his research work. (4)动词＋名词＋介词 常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. (5)动词＋形容词 常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如： The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. (6)动词＋名词 常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如： This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. 2. 短语动词的辨析 (1)be made in（在……生产或制造），be made of(由……组成或构成) (2)come down(下来;落)，come along(来；随同)，come to oneself(苏醒)，come true(实现)，come out(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，come over（过来；顺便来访），come in(进来)，come on(来吧；跟着来；赶快), come up with(找到；提出) (3)do one’s best(尽最大努力), do well in(在……干得好), do one’s homework(做作业)，do some reading(阅读) (4)fall asleep(入睡)，fall behind(落在…..后面)，fall off(从……掉下)，fall down(到下；跌倒) (5)get down(下来；落下)，get on(上车)，get to(到达)，get up(起床)，get back(回来；取回)，get off(下来)，get on well with(与……相处融洽)，get married(结婚)，get together(相聚) (6)give up(放弃)，give…a hand(给与……帮助)，give a concert(开音乐会) (7)go back(回去)，go on(继续)，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡觉)，go over(过一遍；仔细检查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go wrong(走错路)，go on doing(继续做某事)，go shopping(买东西)，go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰)，go straight along(沿着……一直往前走) (8)have a look(看一看), hav