英语诗歌分类创新.pptVIP

1、十四行诗 (Sonnet) 源于中世纪民间抒情短诗，十三、十四世纪流行于意大利，意大利彼特拉克（Petrarch）为代表人物，每行十一个音节，全诗一节八行，加一节六行，韵脚用abba, abba, cdcdcd (cdecde)。前八行提问，后六行回答。后来，怀亚特（Thomas Wyatt,1503-1542）将十四行诗引人英国，五音步抑扬格，全诗三个四行一个二行,前三节提问，后二句结论。斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser,1552-1599）用韵脚 abab, bcbc,cdcd,ee。莎士比亚（William Shakespeare,1564-1616）用韵脚abab,cdcd,efef,gg，称英国式或莎士比亚式。 2、打油诗（Limericks）：通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌，一般没有标题也无作者姓名，含有幽默讽刺性，常运用双关，内韵等手法。每首诗五个诗行，押韵为aabba，格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。 1) There was a young lady of NiggerWho smiled as she rode on a tiger;They returned from the rideWith the lady inside,And the smile on the face of the tiger. 2) A tutor who taught on the fluteTried to teach two tooters to toot,“Is it harder to toot, orSaid the two to the tutor,To tutor two tooters to toot?” 3、素体诗(无韵体诗)（Blank Verse）：五音步抑扬格，不押韵诗体。the unrhymed iambic pentameter line William Wordsworth: There Was a Boy 4、自由诗（Free Verse） 自由诗（Free Verse）:现代诗中常见的体式，长短不同的诗行存在于同一首诗中，不讲究押韵与格律，只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。美国诗人Walt Whitman的草叶集（Leaves of Grass）中，就采用此格式。 Song of Myself I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.My tongue, every atom of my blood, form’d from this soil, this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,I, now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till death.Creeds and schools in abeyance,Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten.I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard.Nature without check with original energy. Notes: a spear of: a piece of school:学说，流派 hazard:chanceabeyance: the condition of not being in use for a certain time 惠特曼（Walt Whitman,1819-1892），美国诗人。此诗选自其巨著草叶集。本文是Song of Myself 一诗的第一部分，采用自由诗体，语言接近当时的美国口语。 5、Epic poetry it is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in a formal and elevated style, and centere