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有害生物第一部分杂草章创新.ppt
杂草分类方式(1): Class I: Monocotyledoneae Representative families: Poaceae(禾本科) Cyperaceae (莎草科)Liliaceae(百合科) Class II: Dicotyledoneae: Representative families: Polygonaceae(蓼科) Chenopodiaceae(藜科) Convolvulaceae(旋花科) Solanaceae(茄科) 应用系统命名的意义: 1 命名科学性与统一性 2 拉丁语命名的稳定性 3 命名应用的传统性 Latin American British Zea mays corn Maize Lychnis coronata Thunb. (剪夏罗、剪春罗,剪红罗、碎剪罗) 四 杂草分类方式(2 ): 根据其分布类型分成五类: 1 旱田杂草 2 草原杂草 3 森林杂草 4 水生杂草 5 寄生杂草 四 杂草分类方式(3): 根据其生活史分成三类: 1 一年生杂草(越冬杂草) A plant that completes its life cycle from seed to seed in less than 1 year or in one growing season. (1)越冬型:看麦娘、碎米荠、婆婆纳 (2)越夏型:稗、马唐、藜、苋 (3)短生活型:春蓼、小藜(1-2个月内完成生活史) 2 二年生杂草 3 多年生杂草 参考文献: 1 Fundamentals of weed science(Robert l. Zimdahl) 2 Principles in weed management(R.J.Aldrich and R.J.Rvemer) 3 杂草学基础 (李孙荣) 4 杂草学 (苏少泉) 5 中国杂草原色图鉴 6 中国农田杂草原色图谱 7 Weed Science 8 Pest Management Science 9 英拉汉植物名称 (关克俭 ) 有害生物概论 理学院 生测组 第三部分 杂草学基础 主要内容 1 杂草的定义及特征 2 杂草分类 3 杂草生理 4 杂草生物学 5 杂草的综合防治 杂草学发展史 1 唐代,刘恂:《岭表录异》,生物除草的雏形。 2 50年代,国内大型农场的机械化除草。 3 1959年,国内首次化学除草。 4 国外杂草学发展 5 国际杂草组织 IWSS APWSS EWRS WSSA 第一章 杂草的定义及特征 一 杂草的定义 A 植物学家对杂草的定义: 1 A plant out of place or growing where it is not wanted. 2 A plant that is growing where it is desired that something else shall grow. 3 A plant growing where it is not desired; or a plant out of place. 杂草的定义 B 观赏学家对杂草的定义: 1 A plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered. 2 weeds have always been condemned without a fair trial. 杂草的定义 C 生态学家对杂草的定义: 1 A plant which contests with man for the possession of the soil. 2 Opportunistic species that follow human disturbance of the habitat. 3 The cosmopolitan character of many weeds is perhaps a tribute both to the ubiquity of man’s modification of environmental conditions and his efficiency as an agent of dispersal. 杂草的定义 1 defined by WSSA (The Weed Science Society of America ) A weed is a plant growing where it is not desired. 2 defined by EWRS(The European Weed Research Society) A
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