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A two-stage procedure on comparing several experimental treatments and a control—the common and unknown variance case.pdf

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A two-stage procedure on comparing several experimental treatments and a control—the common and unknown variance case.pdf

A TWO-STAGE PROCEDURE ON COMPARING SEVERAL EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS AND A CONTROL—THE COMMON AND UNKNOWN VARIANCE CASE JOHN ZHANG, PINYUEN CHEN, AND YUE FANG Received 23 May 2001 and in revised form 6 December 2002 This paper introduces a two-stage selection rule to compare several experimental treat- ments with a control when the variances are common and unknown. The selection rule integrates the indiﬀerence zone approach and the subset selection approach in multiple- decision theory. Two mutually exclusive subsets of the parameter space are deﬁned, one is called the preference zone (PZ) and the other, the indiﬀerence zone (IZ). The best experi- mental treatment is deﬁned to be the experimental treatment with the largest population mean. The selection procedure opts to select only the experimental treatment which cor- responds to the largest sample mean when the parameters are in the PZ, and selects a subset of the experimental treatments and the control when the parameters fall in the IZ. The concept of a correct decision is deﬁned diﬀerently in these two zones. A correct de- cision in the preference zone (CD1) is deﬁned to be the event that the best experimental treatment is selected. In the indiﬀerence zone, a selection is called correct (CD2 ) if the selected subset contains the best experimental treatment. Theoretical results on the lower bounds for P (CD ) in PZ and P (CD ) in IZ are developed. A table is computed for the 1 2 implementation of the selection procedure. 1. Introduction This study is motivated by the current clinical trials involving protease inhibitors. Since the delta trial pioneered the research in the combination of drugs (e.g., AZT and ddI; AZT and ddC) as an HIV positive treatment, clinicians have experimented with a variety of HIV positive regimens involving diﬀerent combinations of drugs. Regimens consisting of the combination of protease inhibitors have shown great poten