伊利畜牧公司土川牧场利用脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤效果研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 本文主要研究土默特左旗伊利敕勒川奶源基地碱化土壤及作物，旨在揭示盐碱 地改良效果规律及对植物的影响，为盐碱地改良提供理论依据和实际指导意义。结 果如下： 1、土壤化学性质：改良前 pH 值为 9.68，改良两年后 pH 值均在 8.2 以下，其 中耕作层 pH 值降低在 7.5-8.0 之间；土壤水溶性盐的变化亦然，与对照相比改良后 土壤中碳酸根、重碳酸根明显下降，而硫酸根、钠离子显著增加，表明碱化土壤之 胶体钙钠交换正常；土壤碱化度的变化更为明显，对照碱化度高达 57.21%为典型碱 土，改良第一年碱化度下降到 20%以下为轻度碱化，第二年则下降到 10%以下为正常 土壤；改良过程中电导率（土壤盐分）变化为先减少后增加，同样表明碱化土壤转 变为中性盐的过程。 2、物理性状：改良前土壤容重达到 1.7 左右，两年后下降到 1.4 左右，尤以表 层土壤下降幅度较大；与对照相比土壤硬度的变化更为明显，第一年下降了 50%； 第二年下降到 20-30%；土壤渗透率亦显著提高，第一年渗透率提高了 3 倍，第二年 提高了 4 至 7 倍。 3、青贮玉米种植与对照出苗率 33% （平均）相比显著提高，第一年达到88%， 第二年达到 98%。 4、通过主成分分析对碱化土壤综合评价，与改良前及对照比较，改良后土壤碱 化程度随着时间的持续逐渐在降低。 关键词：盐碱土；改良；脱硫石膏；土壤评价 Study on Effects of Alkaline Soil Improved with Desulfurization Gypsum in Tumomhuan Pasture of Yili Husbandry Company Abstract This article main research tumed ZuoQi ChiLeChuan yili milk base in alkaline soil and crops, and reveals the alkali-saline land effect and influence on plants, provides the theory basis for the improvement of saline-alkali and practical guiding significance. The result is as follows: 1. soil chemical properties: before the improvement, the pH value of soil is 9.68. After two years of improvement, the pH value are all below 8.2, the pH of plough layer is between 7.5-8.0; the changes in soil water soluble salt are the same as the pH value. Compared with the control groups, after the improvement, they are decreased obviously, both the root of carbonate and bicarbonate in the soil; the root of sodium and the sulfate ions are increased significantly; showing that the exchange between calcium and sodium in alkaline soil colloid is becoming normal. The change of soil alkalization degrees is more apparent, the soil alkalization degrees in the control groups ,typical alkali soil, is 57.21%; after the improvement, the alkaliza