锡林郭勒草原煤排土场植被恢复措施应用效果初步评价.pdfVIP

摘 要 随着锡林郭勒草原煤矿的不断开采，草原上堆集了大量的地表剥离物，形成了众 多排土场。堆土直接破坏了草原植被，破坏了草原景观的完整，剥离物在风的作用下 形成沙尘，未经过处理的排土场水土流失现象也比较严重。为了防治草原矿区排土场 的水土流失，降低风力侵蚀力度以及能在矿区排土场坡面形成绿化美观效果，本项研 究以锡林郭勒草原的乌煤和宏文煤矿排土场为研究对象，应用恢复生态学、土壤学及 相关学科的基本理论，通过生物质材料不同覆被模式下的恢复措施、植被调查及室内 试验的分析比较得出具体结论如下： （1）生物笆措施能够明显改善土壤化学性质。通过覆盖生物笆，土壤中有机质 和全氮的含量都有所增加，在 0～30cm 土壤表层增加明显，在 30cm 以下的土层变化 不显著。生物笆的覆盖也能降低土壤 pH 值。 （2 ）生物笆措施在土壤地温和容重方面也有较大贡献，在高温时的遮阴效果好， 在寒冷时对地面有保温作用，而且能够为植被生长提供充足水分；生物笆措施能够明 显改善土壤容重，更有利于植被根系的生长。 （3 ）生物笆区植物的重要值及植被多样性整体上均大于沙障区，说明在生物笆 的覆盖下，更有利于植被生长发育，充分提高植物的成活率和群落的物种多样性。 （4）小叶锦鸡儿，大籽蒿，沙打旺等植物种在排土场中恢复效果良好，能很好 适应排土场特有的生境，可以在草原矿区推广使用。 关键词：锡林郭勒草原；煤矿排土场；生物笆；沙障；植物群落；生物多样性指数 Ecological Restoration Measures Applications Primary Evaluation in Xilin Gol Grassland Mine Dump Abstract Xilin Gol League grassland mine mining in recent years, accumulated a large number of surface stripping soil, form many dumps, which have exacerbated the sand and dust storms. Meanwhile soil erosions were more serious. In order to combat grassland mine dumps soil erosion and reduce wind erosion efforts in mine dump slope to form a green and beautiful effect. The study took Xilin Gol Grassland Wulantuga coal mines and the coal mines of Hongwen Group dump as the research object, applying the basic theory of restoration ecology, soil science and related subjects, different biomass materials overlying mode recovery measures conclusions are as follows: through restoration measures, vegetation surveys and analysis and comparison of laboratory tests under different biomass materials overlying modes to draw the following concrete conclusions: (1) Wulantuga coal bio-fence measures can significantly improve soil chemical properties, and have a good role in the synth