寒地水稻实地氮肥管理的研究与应用.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2005,38(9):1761-1766 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 寒地水稻实地氮肥管理的研究与应用 范立春，彭显龙，刘元英，宋添星 （东北农业大学资源与环境学院，哈尔滨 150030 ） 摘要：为解决东北寒地水稻施肥中存在的问题，引进了国际水稻研究所的实地养分管理技术。田间小区试验 结果表明，寒地水稻叶片的叶绿素值（SPAD 值）在穗分化期、抽穗期与叶片含氮量及叶色卡值（LCC 值）之间都 呈极显著的正相关（ P ﹤0.01）。 初步确定寒地水稻的SPAD 阈值为38～40，LCC阈值为3.5。与农民习惯施肥（FFP） 相比，实地氮肥管理（SSNM）氮肥用量减少 25%，千粒重增加 0.75 g，氮肥利用率显著提高。研究表明，在产量 不降低甚至有所增加的前提下，SSNM可以降低氮肥用量，具有在广大寒地稻区推广的前景。 关键词：水稻；氮肥；叶色卡；产量 Study on the Site-Specific Nitrogen Management of Rice in Cold Area of Northeastern China FAN Li-chun, PENG Xian-long, LIU Yuan-ying, SONG Tian-xing （Resource and Environment College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 ） Abstract: Site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) technology was introduced from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to solve the problems in fertilizer application on rice in cold area. A plot experiment showed that there were significantly positive correlations (P ﹤0.01)between chlorophyll meter values (SPAD values) and N content in leaves, leaf color chart(LCC)values at panicle initiation and heading stages. Therefore 38-40 was considered as the critical SPAD value, and 3.5 was the critical LCC value for N application. Compared with farmers′ fertilization practice (FFP), the site-specific nitrogen management reduced the total N input by 25%, and increased the 1000-grain weight by 0.75 g, and significantly increased fertilizer-N use efficiency. The results suggested that SSNM has a great potential for reducing N input without cutting down the grain yield. SSNM is a valid agricultural approach for applying N fertilizer on rice in cold area of Northeastern China. Key words: Rice; Nitrogen; Leaf color chart; Yield 近年来，随着各种高产栽培措施的推广应用，黑