旱稻矿质养分吸收与施肥效应.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 ， （ ）： 2003 36 10 1171 - 1176 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 旱稻矿质养分吸收与施肥效应 谢光辉，王素英，王化琪，赵 明 （中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院，北京 100094 ） 摘要：旱稻和水稻的养分吸收规律不同。施氮肥可明显提高旱稻产量，并促进养分吸收；豆科植物与旱稻间套 作会增加旱稻的氮素养分吸收，对提高旱稻产量有重要作用。热带酸性土壤缺磷是限制旱稻产量的主要因素之 一，施磷肥有显著的增产效果。旱稻主要吸收Mehlich-1 法浸提形态的磷，但基因型之间对磷的利用效率有明显差 异。酸性土壤施入石灰能改善磷的有效性，促进旱稻对磷、钙和镁的吸收而提高产量；但石灰量的增加导致旱稻对 钾、锌、铜、锰和铁的吸收减少。旱稻钾的营养和施肥研究结论不一，与各地土壤有效钾含量不同有关。其它元素 中锌和硅的研究较多，硅肥和锌肥能提高旱稻产量。我国对旱稻矿质营养及施肥研究仍未引起重视，尤其对国内 培育的新品种矿质营养的研究和当前旱稻的主栽区北方碱性土壤中旱稻对氮、磷、钾吸收利用的研究更为薄弱。 关键词：旱稻；矿质营养；施肥；综述 MineraI Nutrition uptake and FertiIization Effects of upIand Rice ， ， ， XIE Guang-hui WANG Su-ying WANG Hua-qi ZHAO Ming （ ， ， ） College of Agronomy and Bio-Technology China Agricultural University Beij ing 100094 ： Abstract Mineral nutrient uptake and fertilization effects of upland rice was studied . Significant differences in nu- （） trient uptake were found between lowland and upland rice . Nitrogen N was obviously improved the yield of upland rice and promoted other nutrient uptake . Intercropping legumes with upland rice enhanced N uptake and its yield . In tropical acid soils， （） ， phosphorus P is one of the most important factors limiting upland rice yield since P fertilizer applied into the soils resulted in increase in the yield of upland rice significantly . Mehlich-1 P was found a main pool in soil for up- land rice uptake， and P use efficiency was distinctly different between upland rice genotypes . Lime amen