核质杂种小麦的研究和利用.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(增刊1):85-90 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 核质杂种小麦的研究和利用 陈 孝，张文祥，林志珊，黄惠宇，叶兴国，杜振华，肖世和 （中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京100081） 摘要：以核质杂种（D）丰抗 13 衍生系NC3、NC4、CN37 的成功选育为实例，叙述了小麦核置换的方法，核 质杂种的鉴定、利用及其产生核质互作优势的生理、生化特点。证明核质杂种是一种可以获得稳定杂种优势的育 种新途径。回顾国内外异源细胞质小麦的研究历程，展望（山羊草）小麦异质系在创造核质杂种，改善小麦品种 2 抗逆性、抗病性、品质和利用（D ）型细胞质创建两系法选育杂种小麦的潜力和前景。 关键词：核质杂种小麦；异质系；Rubisco 酶；光温敏雄性不育；两系法；杂种小麦 Studies on Alloplasmic Wheat and Its Application CHEN Xiao, ZHANG Wen-xiang, LIN Zhi-shan, HUANG Hui-yu, YE Xing-guo, DU Zhen-hua, XIAO Shi-he (Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081) Abstract: The successful breeding on the development of three neucleo-cytoplasm substiturion lines NC3, NC4 and NC37, in which the cytoplasm was from Ae. tauschii (D) and the neuclear was from common wheat variety Fengkang13, was taken as examples to elaborate the methed of neuclear substitution, the characterization and application of bybrid superiority produced by neucleo-cytoplasm interaction. It was proved that neucleo cytoplasmic bybrid might be a effective way to take wheat hybrid superiority into use stably. By review the study history around the world in this field, the potential and prospect of utilization of alloplasmic wheat line in creating neucleo-cytoplasmic bybrid, improving wheat variety with stress-tolerence or biostress-resistance 2 and good quality, breeding hybrid wheat by using D -type cytoplasm and two-line-method were forecasted. Key words: Nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid wheat; Alloplasmic line; Rubisco; Photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility; Two-line method, Hybrid w