蔬菜积累的硝酸盐及其对人体健康的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(9):2007-2014 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 蔬菜积累的硝酸盐及其对人体健康的影响 都韶婷，章永松，林咸永，王 月，李 刚，张英鹏 （浙江大学环境资源学院/教育部环境修复与生态健康重点实验室，杭州 310029 ） 摘要：本文针对有关硝酸盐对人体健康影响的两种完全不同的观点，从硝酸盐在蔬菜中的积累、人体摄入硝 酸盐的来源、硝酸盐在人体中的转化、代谢产物的致病和生理作用等方面讨论了硝酸盐对人体健康的危害和可能 存在的有益作用，以期对硝酸盐对人体健康的影响有进一步的客观认识。 关键词：蔬菜；硝酸盐；高铁血红蛋白症；致癌；人体健康；氧化氮；细菌 Accumulation of Nitrate in Vegetables and Its Possible Implications to Human Health DU Shao-ting, ZHANG Yong-song, LIN Xian-yong, WANG Yue, LI Gang, ZHANG Ying-peng (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health/College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029) Abstract: There have recently been two kinds of opposing viewpoints about the impacts of nitrate to human health. In order to further objectively understand the effects of nitrate on human health, both of harm and benefits of nitrate to human body were discussed in this review. The paper discusses nitrate accumulation in vegetables, the source of nitrate ingested into the human body, the transformation of nitrate in the human body, and the pathogenesis and physiological functions of nitrate metabolism. Key words: Vegetable; Nitrate; Methemoglobin; Carcinogenesis; Human health; NO; Bacteria 酸盐转化而来的 NO 是人体内一种重要的生理调节及 0 引言 抗菌物质[4,5] 。因此，硝酸盐对人体及环境可能存在的 硝酸盐在自然界中分布十分广泛，它存在于土壤、 影响成了一个有争议的话题。尤其是 Jean L’ Hirondal 饮用水和食物中。人体摄入的硝酸盐主要来源于蔬 和 Jean-Louis L’ Hirondal 撰写的法文版专著“Nitrate 菜[1] 。早期的一些研究发现，摄入硝酸盐含量较高的 and Man –Toxic，Harmless or Beneficial? ”于 1996 年 蔬菜会增加人们患肠胃癌、高铁血红蛋白症等疾病的 问世（英文版于2001 年出版）以来，进一步激起了对 几率[2,3