汉英翻译-长句的翻译课件资料.ppt

复杂句子的成分分析 复杂句子的成分分析 复杂句子的成分分析 所谓结构复杂的长句有单句与复句之分。单句的复杂一是因为句中定状补等修饰成分由多个递加式短语或复杂短语构成；二是主谓宾等句子主干由复杂短语或复句形式充当。翻译过程中遇到复杂的单句，一个很重要的技巧就是对其进行成分分析。 造成长句的原因 （1）修饰语过多； （2）并列成分过多； （3）语言结构层次多。汉语句子俗称“流水句”，可以on and on and on，而且有“一逗到底”的现象，分句之间的逻辑关系并不言明 复杂长句的主要成分分析 一、主语 1、大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信！ 【译文】It is incredible that about 25% young people in the United States cannot read. 【点评】汉语句子主语较长，译成英语时为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常采用it作形式主语的句型，而将真正主语搁置于句末。 2、矿物燃料每年释放52亿公吨二氧化碳进入大气，同时热带森林的燃烧大约释放出18亿公吨二氧化碳——这两方面都对二氧化碳的集结产生作用，因而会引发温室效应。 【译文】Fossil fuels set off 5.2 billion metric tons of CO? into the air each year, while the burning of tropical forests emits roughly 1.8 billion metric tons of CO?—both contributing to a buildup of carbon dioxide that will soon trigger the greenhouse effect. 【点评】汉语的主语，即“这”所代表的内容较长，若直接译成英语，同样显得头重脚轻。所以译文将原句中的主语从句分别拆译为两个并列独立的句子，之后运用英语语法中的伴随状语巧妙地将原句中的谓语表达出来。 二、谓语 一定要言行一致，理论与实践密切结合，反对华而不实和任何虚夸，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头苦干。 【译文】Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated. we must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated. 【点评】这个汉语句子有一连串的动作。译成英语时若一一译为动词，则句子显得冗长且不地道，所以译文根据原句动作之间的逻辑关系，采用了分译法，通过多变的句式很好地表达了原句的意思，在形式上也颇具英语句子的特色。 晴雯先接出来，笑道：“好啊，叫我研了墨，早起高兴，只写了三个字，扔下笔就走了，哄我等了这一天，快来给我写完了这些墨才算呢！” 【译文1】Qingwen greeted him with a smile, exclaiming” A fine one you are! On the spur of the moment you made me grind ink for you this morning. But you threw down your brush and went away after having written merely three characters. You’ve kept me waiting the whole day. You are to use up this ink now. be quick!”(杨宪益、戴乃迭） 【译文2】“you’re a nice one!” she said. “you made me mix all this ink for you this morning, sat down in a state of great enthusiasm, wrote just three characters, threw down the brush again, rushed out, and left me waiting here all day for you to come back and finish. Now you just sit down here and use this ink up, and perhaps I’ll let the matter pass!”