managing heart failure - nursingcenter.com.pptVIP

Managing Heart Failure By Lacey Buckler, RN, ACNP-BC, MSN Nursing made Incredibly Easy! May/June 2009 2.5 ANCC contact hours Online: ? 2009 by Lippincott Williams Wilkins. All world rights reserved. Statistics Leading cause of hospitalization 50% of patients with heart failure over a 4-year period will die of the disease 287,000 people die annually of heart failure 40% of patient’s admitted to the hospital die or are readmitted within 1 year Definition The heart’s inability to pump enough blood to meet the body’s oxygen and nutrient demands Can be systolic or diastolic, left- or right-sided, acute or chronic Types Systolic (pumping problem)—inability of the heart to contract to provide enough blood flow forward Diastolic (filling problem)—inability of the left ventricle to relax normally, resulting in fluid back up into the lungs Left-sided—inability of the left ventricle to pump enough blood, causing fluid back up into the lungs Right-sided—inefficient pumping of the right side of the heart, causing fluid buildup in the abdomen, legs, and feet Acute vs. Chronic Acute—an emergency situation in which a patient was completely asymptomatic before the onset of heart failure; seen in acute heart injury such as MI Chronic—long-term syndrome in which a patient exhibits symptoms over a long period of time, usually as a result of a preexisting cardiac condition Conditions That Can Lead to Heart Failure Coronary artery disease—primary cause of heart failure in 60% of patients Cardiomyopathy—disease of the myocardium; three types: dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive Hypertension—increases cardiac workload, leads to hypertrophy Valvular heart disease—increases pressure within the heart and cardiac workload Picturing Dilated Cardiomyopathy Picturing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Other Conditions That Contribute to Heart Failure Increased metabolic rate Iron overload Hypoxia Severe anemia Electrolyte abnormalities Cardiac dysrhythmias Diabetes Left-Sid