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Noninvasive Study of the Human Heart using Independent Component Analysis Y. Zhu, T-L Chen, W. Zhang, T-P Jung, J-R Duann, S. Makeig and C-K Cheng University of California, San Diego Oct 18, 2006 Outline Background Independent Component Analysis Experiments Equipments Procedures Results – components, back projection maps Summary Future Work Background Objective of heart simulation Diagnose heart diseases efficiently Help doctors easily locate the problem Advantage of noninvasive measurement More cost effective Much simpler and faster to prepare, setup and take measurements 12-lead ECG shortcomings Too few information to separate different sources A heart disease may be caused by multiple conditions E.g. myocardial infarction may happen in multiple locations Need more channels to detect ECG waveforms Contributions Design noninvasive experiments to collect heart signals from around 100 channels Analyze the data using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) Successfully identify different components of P-wave, QRS-complex and T-wave Previous works on ICA Originally proposed by to solve blind source separation problem by Camon [1] in 1994 Gained more attraction and popularity from Bell and Sejnowski’s infomax principle [2] Jung et al. applied ICA to ECG, EEG, MEG and fMRI [3][4] Separate maternal and fetal heart beats and remove artifacts ICA definition N source signals s = {s1,s2,…,sN} linearly mixed: x = {x1,x2,…,xN} = As If x is known, recover sources as  u = Wx u is only different from s in scaling and permutation ICA definition Objective is to find a square matrix W Key assumption: the source signals are statistically independent ICA definition Joint probability: the probability of two or more things happening together Statistical independence: the joint probability density function (pdf) can be factorized to the product of individual probabilities of each source ICA algorithms Gradient descent by infomax principle [2] Hyvarien’s FastICA