the human genome project - cbse-ucsc.pptVIP

The Human Genome Project at UC Santa Cruz Phoenix Eagleshadow November 9, 2004 The Human Genome Project Began in 1990 The Mission of the HGP: The quest to understand the human genome and the role it plays in both health and disease. The genome is our Genetic Blueprint Nearly every human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes 1 - 22 and XY or XX XY = Male XX = Female Length of chr 1-22, X, Y together is ~3.2 billion bases (about 2 meters diploid) The Genome is Who We Are on the inside! Chromosomes consist of DNA molecular strings of A, C, G, T base pairs, A-T, C-G Genes DNA sequences that encode proteins less than 3% of human genome How much data make up the human genome? The Beginning of the Project Most the first 10 years of the project were spent improving the technology to sequence and analyze DNA. Scientists all around the world worked to make detailed maps of our chromosomes and sequence model organisms, like worm, fruit fly, and mouse. UC Santa Cruz gets Involved The Challenges were Overwhelming First there was the Assembly The DNA sequence is so long that no technology can read it all at once, so it was broken into pieces. There were millions of clones (small sequence fragments). The assembly process included finding where the pieces overlapped in order to put the draft together. UCSC put the human genome sequence on the web July 7, 2000 The Completion of the Human Genome Sequence June 2000 White House announcement that the majority of the human genome (80%) had been sequenced (working draft). Working draft made available on the web July 2000 at . Publication of 90 percent of the sequence in the February 2001 issue of the journal Nature. Completion of 99.99% of the genome as finished sequence on July 2003. The Project is not Done… Next there is the Annotation: The sequence is like a topographical map, the annotation would include cities, towns, schools, libraries and coffee shops! So, where are the genes? Wh