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anticipatory strongprocessesstrong in sentence strongprocessingstrong
Language and Linguistics Compass 2/4 (2008): 647–670, 10. 1111/j.1749-818x.2008.00072.x
Anticipatory Processes in Sentence Processing
Yuki Kamide*
University of Dundee
Abstract
Anticipation is an essential ability for the human cognitive system to survive in
its surrounding environment. The present article will review previous research on
anticipatory processes in sentence processing (comprehension). I start by pointing
out past research carried out with inadequate methods, then move on to reviewing
recent research with relatively new, more appropriate methods, specifically,
the so-called ‘visual-world’ eye-tracking paradigm, and neuropsychological
techniques. I then discuss remaining unresolved issues, both methodological and
theoretical.
Anticipating Language?
It is a well-known fact that people are capable of anticipating what will
come next in the sequence of events they are encountering. For example,
by observing and anticipating the trajectory of a ball, a goal keeper can
adjust his/her position and successfully block a shot in a football match.
Also, it is a common phenomenon that, when watching other people’s
arm movements, we shift our eyes to the predicted movement and point,
anticipating the full form of the movement. Thus, it seems that anticipation
is almost an epiphenomenon of recognizing moving objects in various
day-to-day situations.
The present article investigates anticipation in language processing.
Anticipation of language might be slightly less intuitive than anticipation
of motion trajectory, but nevertheless, the occurrence is common enough.
For example, speakers often feel their interlocutors ‘finish’ their sentences
before they finish speaking. Such a phenomenon occurs particularly often
when the speaker and listener share a large amount of mutual knowledge.
Also skilled listeners can easily aid non-s
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