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birthday paradox, coupon collectors, caching algorithms and
Discrete Applied Mathematics 39 (1992) 207-223 207
North-Holland
Birthday paradox, coupon
collectors, caching algorithms and
self-organizing search
Dan%le Gardy
Lojis Thimonier
Received 4 August 1987
Revised 3 December 1990
Ahsrrucv
Flajolet, P., D. Gardy and L. Thimonier, Birthday paradox, coupon collectors, caching algortthms and
self-organizing search. Discrete Applied Mathematics 39 (1992) 207-229.
This paper introduces a unified framework for the analysis of a class of random allocation processes
thdt include: (i) the birthday paradox; (ii) the coupon collector problem* (iii) least-tecently-used (LRU)
caching in memory management systems under the independent reference model; (iv) the move-to-front
heuristic of self-organizing search. All analyses are relative to general nonuniform f robability distribu-
tions.
Our approach to these problems comprises two stages. First, the probabilistic phenozna ct’ interest
are described by means of regular languages extended by addition of the shu!‘Reproduct. Next, system-
atic translation mechanisms are used to derive integral representations for expectations and probability
distributions.
.
1. Some random allocation problems
We present in this paper a unified treatment for a number of related probabilistic
allocation problems. The problems that we consider will be defined in detail in later
sections, but we offer kxe an inf
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