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environmental strongmanagementstrong in development the evolution of.pdf

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environmental strongmanagementstrong in development the evolution of

Ecological Economics, 3 (1991) 193-213 193 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam Environmental management in development: the evolution of paradigms Michael E. Colby ?I04 N. Quantico St., Arlington, VA 22205. USA (Accepted 10 January 1991) ABSTRACT Colby, M.E., 1991. Environmental management in development: the evolution of paradigms. Ecol. Econ.. 3: 193-213. Environmental management and its relationship to human development are in a period of dramatic change. Societies are now beginning to have serious discussions about ‘sustainable development’, but there is still a great deal of confusion over what this means and how to achieve it. Conceptions of what is economically and technologically practical. ecologically necessary, and politically feasible are rapidly shifting. Implicit in changing strategies are differing philosophies of human-nature relationships. Five fundamental paradigms of en- vironmental management in development, of human-nature relationships, are described. From the primordial dichotomy of ‘frontier economics’ versus ‘deep ecology’. paradigms of ‘environmental protection’, ‘ resource management’, and ‘eco-development’ are evolving, in a progression which involves increasin, 0 integration of economic, ecological, and social systems into the definition of development and the organization of human societies.