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127 Exposure to high temperature influences the behaviour, physiology, and survival of sockeye salmon during spawning migration G.T. Crossin, S.G. Hinch, S.J. Cooke, D.W. Welch, D.A. Patterson, S.R.M. Jones, A.G. Lotto, R.A. Leggatt, M.T. Mathes, J.M. Shrimpton, G. Van Der Kraak, and A.P. Farrell Abstract: Since 1996, some populations of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka Walbaum in Artedi, 1792) have begun spawning migrations weeks earlier than normal, and most perish en route as a result. We suspect that a high midsummer river temperature is the principal cause of mortality. We intercepted 100 sockeye during normal migration near a spawning stream and measured somatic energy and aspects of plasma biochemistry. Fish were then held at either 10 or 18 8C for 24 days. Before release, fish were biopsied again and implanted with acoustic transmitters. A group of bi- opsied but untreated control salmon were released at the same time. Sixty-two percent (8 of 13) of control salmon and 68% (21 of 31) of 10 8C salmon reached spawning areas. The 18 8C-treated fish were half as successful (35%; 6 of 17). During the holding period, mortality was 2 times higher and levels of Parvicapsula minibicornis (Kent, Whitaker and Dawe, 1997) infection were higher in the 18 8C-treated group than in the 10 8C-treated group. The only physiological dif- ference between treatments was a change in gill Na+ + ,K -A