glaciers of the middle east and africa- glaciers of turkey.pdf

Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa - GLACIERS OF TURKEY By AJUN KURTER SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD Edited by RICHARD S. WILLIAMS, Jr., and JANE G. FERRIGNO U . S . G E O L O G I C A L S U R V E Y P R O F E S S I O N A L P A P E R 1386-G - 1 T h e g l a c i e r s of T u r k e y h a v e a t o t a l a r e a of 2 2 . 9 k m ² a n d a r e l o c a t e d o n t h r e e m o u n t a i n r a n g e s a n d t h r e e s t r a t o v o l c a n o e s ; d o c u m e n t a t i o n i s p r o v i d e d b y m a p s , a e r i a l p h o tog r a p h s , a n d Land s a t i m a g e s CONTENTS Page Abstract G1 General introduction 1 Occurrence of glaciers 2 FIGURE 1. Index map to the mountain ranges, dormant stratovolcanoes, and the coverage by Landsat images of the glacierized regions discussed in the text 4 TABLE 1. Principal glaciers of Turkey 3 Observations of glaciers 6 Historical studies 6 Modern studies 6 Mapping of glaciers 7 The earliest maps of glaciers 7 Modern maps of glaciers 7 Imaging of glaciers 8 Aerial photography 8 Landsat imagery 9 Glaciers on Landsat images 9 FIGURE 2. Index map to the optimum Landsat 1, 2, and 3 images of the glaciers of Turkey 12 TABLE