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mortgage default risk and real estate prices the use of index.pdfVIP

mortgage default risk and real estate prices the use of index.pdf

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mortgage default risk and real estate prices the use of index

Mortgage Default Risk and Real Estate Prices 243 Journal of Housing Research • Volume 7, Issue 2 243 © Fannie Mae Foundation 1996. All Rights Reserved. Mortgage Default Risk and Real Estate Prices: The Use of Index-Based Futures and Options in Real Estate Karl E. Case and Robert J. Shiller* Abstract This article makes the case for using index-based futures and options driven by region-specific movements in house prices as the basis for hedging mortgage default risk. Taking the view that mortgage holders write put options on real estate assets, the first part of the article lays out the theoretical case for a hedging strategy based on house price changes. The second part reviews the empirical literature on default risk and uses data from the Mortgage Bankers Association of America and repeat sales indices to test for the significance of house price movements in predicting mortgage default. The results suggest that between 1975 and 1993, periods of high default rates strongly follow real estate price declines or interruptions in real estate price increases. The relation between price declines and foreclosure rates is modeled using a distributed lag. The results support the case for a hedging strategy based on house price changes. Keywords: default; hedging; mortgage-backed securities Introduction In a previous article (Case, Shiller, and Weiss 1993) we argued that there is a need for a liquid, national hedging market in real estate prices. We proposed futures and options markets that are cash-settled on the basis of indices of city or regional residential real estate prices. Individual homeowners are the largest bearers of residential real estate risk, and they have the most to gain from hedging in such markets. Homeowners are for the most part highly leveraged and undiversified. Most are unsophisticated

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