P-Value Approximations for strongTstrong-Tests of Hypothesis.pdfVIP

Spreadsheets in Education (eJSiE) Volume 5 | Issue 3 Article 5 12-7-2012 P-Value Approx imations for T-Tests of Hypothesis J ohn A. Rochowicz Jr Alvernia University, john.rochowicz@ Follow this and additional works at : .au/ejsie Recommended Citation Rochowicz, John A . Jr (2012) P-Value Approximations for - ests of Hypothesis, Spr eadsheets in Education (eJSiE): Vol. 5: Iss. 3, Article 5. Available at : .au/ejsie/vol5/iss3/5 This Regular Article is brought to you by the Bond Business School at ePublications@bond. It has been accepted for inclusion in Spreadsheets in Education (eJSiE) by an authorized administrator of ePublications@bond. For more information, please contact Bond University s Repository Coordinator. P-Value Approx imations for T-Tests of Hypothesis Abstract Mathematics can be analyzed in different ways and each method supports the other with the same results. This paper describes a number of approaches for finding the p-values necessary for making decisions about statistical t-tests of hypothesis. The concepts of areas under the Student’s t-curve and the mathematical connections between tests of hypothesis, probabilities and areas under a curve are presented. The EXCEL function TDIST and various approximation techniques from numerical analysis are discussed. Numerical analysis techniques include Simpson’s Rule for integration and Monte Carlo integration. Also an approximation from the National Bureau of Standards is provided. Comparisons of results from each method are presented. Numerical approximations are shown to be as important and as accurate as exact solutions. Keywords Mathematical Statistics, - ests of Hypothesis, P-Values, Numerical Integration, and Simulation This regular article is available in Spreadsheets in Education (eJSiE): .au/ejsie/vol5/iss3/5