A2 Physics (PHYA5) revision notes (Dwyer)教材.docVIP

A2 Physics  Unit 5 Nuclear and Thermal Physics 1 Rutherford Scattering 2 Ionising Radiation 3 Radioactive Decay 4 Modes of Decay 5 Nuclear Radius 6 Mass and Energy 7 Fission and Fusion 8 Nuclear Reactors 9 Nuclear Safety As 10 Heat, Temperature and Internal Energy 11 The Specifics 12 Gas Laws 13 Ideal Gas 14 Molecular Kinetic Theory Model Unit 5 Rutherford Scattering Lesson 1 Learning Outcomes To know the set up of Rutherford’s experiment and the results he found To be able to explain how the results are evidence for the nucleus To know the factors we must consider when choosing the particle we will scatter N. DWYER Rutherford’s Scattering Experiment (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2) Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden worked with Ernest Rutherford in his Manchester laboratories in 1909. They fired alpha particles (which they knew to have a positive charge) of a few MeV into a thin piece of gold foil. This was done in an evacuated chamber connected to a vacuum pump. When the alpha particles passed through the gold foil they hit a zinc sulphide screen which emits light whenever an alpha particle strikes it. This screen was observed using a moving microscope in a dark room. At the time the accepted structure of the atom was like a plum pudding: positive dough spread evenly with negative electrons scattered through out it like plums in a pudding. Results (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2) Geiger and Marsden found that almost all of the alpha particles passed through with little or no deflection. Rutherford suggested moving the microscope in front of the foil, when they did they found that about 1 in every 8000 was ‘reflected’ back or scattered through an angle of more that 90°. If the plum pudding model was the structure of the atom this would be like firing a bullet at a piece of toilet paper and it bouncing back – mental! The Nuclear Model (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2) Rutherford used these results to make the following conclusions: Most of the mass must be gathered in