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Impacts of Population and Income Growth Rates on Threatened Mammals and Birds Ram Pandit Corresponding author School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Phone: +61 8 6488 1353 Fax: 61 8 6488 1098 email: ram.pandit@.au David N Laband School of Economics Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts Georgia Institute of Technology 221 Bobby Dodd Way Atlanta, GA 30332, USA email: david.laband@ Impacts of Population and Income Growth Rates on Threatened Mammals and Birds Abstract Per capita income and human population levels have direct influences on environmental outcomes of a country. Countries with same level of income (population size) may have a different rate of income (population) growth and vice versa, suggesting that the influence of the rate of income (population) growth on environmental outcomes could be different than that of income (population) level. We explore this empirical question using country-level data on threatened species published by International Union for Conservation of Nature for the year 2007. Controlling for other factors, including spatial dependency among countries, our model estimates the influences of the rate of income and population growth on threatened mammals and birds across 113 continental countries. The results suggest that, among other factors, the rate of population growth has a significant influence on number of threatened birds in a country. Keywords: Income growth rat