Levels of Knowledge, Games, and Group Action Abstract.pdfVIP

Levels of Knowledge, Games, and Group Action Rohit Parikh City University of New York1 Rohit Parikh Abstract: In this paper we investigate the possible states of knowledge among a group of individuals and their relations to decision making. A travelling salesman found himself spending the night at home with his wife when one of his trips was accidentally cancelled. The two of them were sound asleep, when in the middle of the night there was a loud knock at the front door. The wife woke up with a start and cried out, “Oh my God! It’s my husband!” Whereupon the husband leapt out of bed, ran across the room and jumped out the window. Schank and Abelson, 1977, p. 59. Wimmer and Perner begin their paper [WM] on Beliefs about beliefs with this story from Schank and Abelson which may seem amusing to some and disturbing to others. But the point of the story seems to be that husband and wife each have their own scenario and neither corresponds to the actuality. The wife is a bit better off as she knows where she is though not whom she is with. The husband is unaware of the identity of his companion and even of his location. Wimmer and Perner themselves are concerned primarily with the perception by children of other people’s mindsets. The following quote from [WM] is a story about Maxi which they told a group of children: Mother returns from her shopping trip. She bought chocolate for a cake. Maxi may help her put away the things. He asks her, “Where should I put the chocolate?” “In the blue cupboard,” says the mother. Later, with Maxi gone out to play, the mother transfers the chocolate f