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1
Neither Voice nor Loyalty: School Choice and the
Low-Fee Private Sector in India
Prachi Srivastava,
University of Sussex
(2007)
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, it presents a model examining the
school choice processes of disadvantaged households accessing the LFP sector in a study on
Lucknow District, Uttar Pradesh. The model presents households in the study as engaging in
‘active choice’. Active choice is seen as the deliberated action of households in making
concerted choices about their children’s schooling through a complex process. The process
involved assessing competing school sectors (mainly the state and LFP), and analyzing
particular household circumstances and local school markets through a systemic set of
values, beliefs, and “mental models” (North, 1990) about education. Second, it focuses on
the adept employment of engagement strategies specific to the LFP sector by households in
the study to interact with their chosen schools. Since the schooling arena is heavily
marketised, household behavior was expected to follow Hirschman’s (1970) classic “exit,
voice, and loyalty” framework. However, contextual specificities of the LFP sector
necessitated a re-examination of this framework when applied here.
2
SETTING THE SCENE
Reported deterioration in the quality of public schooling in many economically
developing countries has resulted in increased private provision (De, Majumdar,
Noronha Samson, 2002; Glick Sahn, 2006; Tooley Dixon, 2005). Especially
striking is that increasing marketisation
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