双语噬菌体精要.ppt

Chapter 3Bacteriophage噬菌体 Bacteriophage (噬菌体) ★ Definition : Obligate intracellular parasites that multiply inside bacteria by making use of some or all of the host biosynthetic machinery ( i.e. viruses that infect bacteria). Section 1Biological characteristics of bacteriophage  噬菌体的生物学性状 1.形态与结构 蝌蚪形（多数噬菌体） tadpole 微球形 细杆形 Shapes of bacteriophage Tadpole (蝌蚪形) Spheral (球形) Filamentous (丝状) 2.化学组成 核酸类型：DNA或RNA，大多数DNA噬菌体的DNA为线状双链； 抗原性：能刺激机体产生抗体； 抵抗力：比一般细菌繁殖体强。 Composition and Propagation Composition Nucleic acid DNA or RNA Protein Protection Infection Propagation: Replication（复制） Section 2Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体 Types of Bacteriophages Lytic or virulent phage: Phages that can only multiply within bacteria and kill the cell by lysis. Lysogenic or Temperate Phage: Phages that can either multiply via the lytic cycle or enter a quiescent state in the bacterial cell and express most phage genes through gene integration. ★ Virulent Phage 毒性噬菌体 Definition: Phages which can only replicate in bacteria and kill the cell by lysis at the end of the life cycle. Life cycle Adsorption 吸附 Penetration 穿入 Biological Synthesis 生物合成 Maturation and Release 成熟和释放 噬斑及噬斑形成单位 噬斑 plaque：在固体培养基上，将适量的噬菌体和宿主菌液混合接种培养后，培养基表面可出现透亮的溶菌空斑，每个空斑系由一个噬菌体复制增殖并裂解宿主菌后形成； 噬斑形成单位 plaque forming unit (PFU)：通过噬斑计数，可测知一定体积内的噬菌体的数量。 Section 3Temperate phage 温和噬菌体 Temperate or Lysogenic Phage 温和噬菌体 或 溶原性噬菌体 Phages that can either multiply via the lytic cycle or enter a quiescent state (the prophage (前噬菌体) state) in the bacterial cell and express most phage genes through gene integration. Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌 Bacteria carrying prophages (前噬菌体) are termed lysogenic (溶原的) because a physiologic signal can trigger a lytic cycle resulting in death of the host cell and liberation of many copies of the phage. 溶原性：前噬菌体可自发地或在某些理化和生物因素的诱导下脱离宿主菌基因组而进入溶菌周期，产生成熟噬菌体，导致细菌裂解，温和噬菌体的这种产生产生噬菌体颗粒和溶解宿主菌的潜在能力称为溶原性。 三种存在状态：游离的具有感染性的噬菌体颗粒；宿主菌细胞质内类似质粒形式的噬菌体核酸；前噬菌体。 Cycles of temperate phage 温和噬菌体的溶原性