第10章 TCP协议詳解.pptVIP

Chapter 10 TCP TCP services Numbering bytes Flow control Error control TCP timers Congestion control Segment Connection TCP operation TCP package Introduction 高层应用的需求：reliability 传输大量的数据，要求可靠的通信服务 自身的可靠性机制弱 底层网络和IP网络是不可靠、无连接投递 TCP Process-to-process comm.: same with UDP To add connection-oriented and reliability features to the services of IP Overview Transmission Control Protocol，TCP RFC 793，传输控制协议 10.1 TCP Services Stream delivery Full-duplex service Connection-oriented service Reliable service 10.1.1 Stream Delivery Buffers and Segments Process 使用自己认为适宜的任何大小的数据片进行发送或接收（最小1字节） TCP 根据网络情况选择适当的发送缓冲区（分割） 或接收缓冲区（合并） 10.1.2 Full-Duplex Service 10.1.3 Connection-Oriented Service A virtual connection No physical connection “the situation is similar to creating a bridge that spans multiple islands and passing all of the bytes from one island to another in one single connection.” TCP Port, Endpoint, and Connection 端口、端点概念与方式与UDP完全一样 连接：TCP上通信双方抽象的虚电路连接 10.1.4 Reliable Service Reliability Order, without error, and without any part lost or duplicated Error control An acknowledgment mechanism Flow control A sliding window protocol Congestion control Congestion avoidance 10.2 Numbering Bytes To number all data bytes, NOT segments A segment’s sequence number is the number assigned to the first byte of data in this segment Numbering is independent in each direction The numbering starts randomly, NOT from 0 0 ~ 232-1 Seq. Number and Ack. Number Sequence number The number of the first data byte carried in that segment The initial sequence number is random Acknowledgment number To confirm the bytes it has received The number of the next data byte a party expects to receive The acknowledgment number is cumulative Discussion Example 1: a segment with Seq #=X, Data Len=L Then the Seq # of the next segment: X+L Example 2: a segment with Ack #=X This means all bytes from the beginning up to X has been received, that is ( X-beginning ) bytes NOT X bytes Features 报文的顺序关系 数据流的位置，