第14章 气体动理论詳解.pptVIP

§14-1 Essential Concepts of the Kinetic Theory of Gases §14-1 Essential Concepts of the Kinetic Theory of Gases 2. The molecules are moving forever and random. Diffusion(扩散)：温度升高时，扩散现象越显著，说明分子无规则运动越剧烈，故分子的无规则运动称分子热运动。 3、There is interaction between molecules. Discussion: Question：不同温度下，物质表现为不同的聚集态。 §14-2 State Parameters, Equilibrium State, and Ideal Gas Equation of State 2. State Parameters of Gas For a gas, in order to describe its properties, three parameters are needed: 3. The ideal gas equation of state For a fixed(固定的) mass of an ideal gas, we have： §14-3 Representation of Pressure for the Ideal Gas Suppose: (3) Molecules are in constantly random motion, colliding with each other and with the wall of the container; all collisions are perfect elastic.（分子与分子间，分子与器壁间的碰撞都是完全弹性的）。 So: 2. Derivation of pressure equation of ideal gas 3. Derivation of temperature formula of ideal gas 4. The root-mean-square(RMS) speed (方均根速率) §14-4 Energy Equipartition Theorem and Internal Energy 1. The degrees of freedom of molecule 2. Energy Equipartition theorem 3. Internal energy of ideal gas 3. Internal energy of ideal gas Example: A chamber’s volume is 10 cm3 and it contains atmosphere. The chamber is drawn(抽) through a vacuum pump to a pressure P=5×10-6 mmHg at temperature T=300K . Find:1. The number of molecules in the chamber at this time. 2. The total translational kinetic energy of all molecules. 3. Total rotational kinetic energy 4. Total kinetic energy. Solution: Discussion: What’s possible microscope interpretation of heat Q? (热量Q的可能微观解释是什么?) §14-5 Maxwell’s Speed Distribution 1. speed distribution function The comparison of three speeds Example: Try to calculate the percent of the molecules that the speed is in the interval between vp- vp/100 and vp+vp/100. Example: Example: §14-6 Boltzman Distribution §14-7 The Mean Free Path 1. Concept Discussions: It means that on the average(平均而言), the energy per par